Paauglių atsparumo alkoholiui raiška socialinių-kognityvinių veiksnių kontekste

LTStraipsnio reikšmingumas, naujumas pasireiškia tuo, kad šiuo tyrimu atskleista profesinės mokyklos mokinių atsparumo alkoholiui raiška, nagrinėjamą reiškinį siejant su socialiniais ir kognityviniais veiksniais. Straipsnyje analizuojama paauglystė, šiuo laikotarpiu vykstantys pokyčiai ir alkoholio vartojimo problemas paauglystėje lemiantys veiksniai: tėvai, bendraamžiai, individualios asmenybės savybės, elgesio ir emocinės problemos, kt. Atlikus tyrimą atskleisti paauglių, jų tėvų ir bendraamžių alkoholio vartojimo ypatumai, paauglių atsparumas alkoholiui, jų galios ir sunkumai bei šių veiksnių tarpusavio sąsajos. Nors abu paauglių tėvai vaidina svarbų vaidmenį paauglio atsparumo alkoholiui formavimosi procese, tyrime labiau išryškėjo paauglio motinos požiūrio svarba. Patvirtinta, kad paauglių atsparumo alkoholiui raiškai tiesioginį poveikį daro tėvų ir draugų alkoholio vartojimo ypatumai, jų požiūris į paauglio alkoholio vartojimą bei paauglių galios (socialumo skalė, reiškianti socialinius įgūdžius) ir sunkumai. Pagrindiniai žodžiai: profesinės mokyklos mokiniai, paauglystė, alkoholio vartojimas, galios ir sunkumai, socialiniai-kognityviniai veiksniai, atsparumas alkoholiui. [Iš leidinio]

ENResearch on alcohol consumption in adolescence is mostly limited to an analysis of the prevalence and external factors of alcohol consumption. Vocational pupils, as a specific group of adolescents, have not received special attention from researchers into this phenomenon. The article raises a scientific problem, i.e. how resistance to alcohol among adolescents is expressed in the context of social-cognitive factors. The subject of the research is the expression of alcohol resistance among adolescents. The aim of the research: to show the expression of alcohol resistance among adolescents in the context of social-cognitive factors. The aim is achieved by setting the following objectives: 1) to assess factors of alcohol consumption behaviour and alcohol resistance among adolescents; 2) to reveal links between the strengths and difficulties of adolescents, and external alcohol resistance factors and consumption behaviour. Research methods: the quantitative method. Methodology. Alcohol consumption behaviour and social-cognitive factors were assessed by the use of the Drinking Behaviour and Perceptions Questionnaire (2011). The authors of the questionnaire, C.C. Hung, Y.C. Chiang, H.Y. Chang and L.L. Yen, gave permission to translate the questionnaire into Lithuanian and use it in the research. The questionnaire consists of five parts, allowing an assessment of alcohol consumption by the adolescent, the adolescent’s perception of the alcohol consumption behaviour of the people around him (mother, father, close friends, classmates), and their attitude to alcohol consumption. One of the parts of the questionnaire is the alcohol resistance scale. The Cronbach α of the scale = 0.914. Strengths and difficulties were assessed by use of the SDQ (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, R. Goodman, 1997).The Lithuanian version of the SDQ for children aged from 11 to 17, prepared by G. Gintilienė, S. Girdzijauskienė, D. Černiauskaitė, S. Lesinskienė, R. Povilaitis and D. Pūras, was used for the research. All five scales of the questionnaire, i.e. the scale of emotional symptoms, the scale of behavioural problems, the scale of hyperactivity, the scale of problems with peers, and the scale of sociality, were used in the research. Statements of the sociality scale show the strengths of the adolescent, i.e. the ability to communicate, empathy, a willingness to help others, etc. The established overall internal reliability of the SDQ, i.e. Cronbach α = 0.682. The data obtained during the research was processed by computer applications SPSS 20.0, Microsoft Word, and Microsoft Excel. The following statistical analysis methods were used for the implementation of the objectives of the research: descriptive statistics, Cronbach alfa, Shapiro-Wilk, Mann-Whitney, and KruskalWallis tests, chi-square (χ2) criterion, and Spearman’s rho correlation coefficient. The logistic regression method was used for the preparation of the predictive model of alcohol consumption among adolescents. The main results and conclusions of the research. It was determined that 13.4 per cent of the participants in the research had never consumed alcohol; 39.6 per cent of the subjects had consumed alcohol in the last month. During the aforementioned periods, the fathers of the vocational pupils who took part in the research consumed alcohol more often than the mothers. Meanwhile, close friends of the adolescents, compared with their classmates, consumed alcohol more often over the last year. It turned out that, from the adolescents’ point of view, the majority of fathers and mothers are against children consuming alcohol.Meanwhile, the adolescents consider that the majority of their close friends and classmates are indifferent towards or supportive of alcohol consumption. Adolescents 1) who did not consume alcohol in the last month, 2) who have fewer close friends who consume alcohol or promote alcohol consumption, and 3) whose parents are against the consumption of alcohol by children, are more resistant to alcohol. A fairly high resistance to alcohol among vocational pupils was found. Adolescents’ resistance to alcohol is related to greater sociability, lower hyperactivity, fewer emotional and behavioural difficulties, and fewer problems with peers. Girls are characterised more by social behaviour, are more hyperactive, and face more emotional difficulties than boys. The adolescents who did not consume alcohol in the last month had fewer behavioural problems, and are characterised by better social skills. The logistic regression model revealed that adolescents’ propensity to consume alcohol is predicted by behavioural difficulties suffered by them, the father’s alcohol consumption, and gender (male). Key words: vocational pupils, adolescence, alcohol use, strengths and difficulties, social-cognitive factors, resistance to alcohol. [From the publication]

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