ENThe chapter offers a general account of the political conflict over Vilnius during one of the most stormy periods of the Soviet-Polish War: from 10 July to 9 October 1920. During these three months the Vilnius population witnessed three rapid changes in government: from Polish to Bolshevik, from Bolshevik to Lithuanian, and from Lithuanian to Polish. While following the hectic chronology of military and political events, the chapter focuses on the situation and political moods of the multinational population of Vilnius. Based on the range of various Lithuanian archival sources, local press accounts and memoirs, the chapter presents an analysis of Bolshevik and Lithuanian policies in the city and the responses of local population groups to these policies. Keywords: Vilnius; Lithuania; Poland; Ethnic conflict; Soviet-Polish War. [From the publication]