Krovinių srautų Klaipėdos ir Rygos jūrų uostuose dinamika
LTDidžioji dalis pasaulyje krovinių yra gabenami jūrų transportu. Krovinių srautai yra vienas iš pagrindinių rodiklių nurodančių jūrų uosto efektyvumą. Įvairūs pasauliniai įvykiai, jūrų uosto charakteristikos ir naudojamos technologijos uoste gali teigiamai ar neigiamai įtakoti krovinių srautų pokyčius. Šiame straipsnyje analizuojama krovinių srautų dinamika Klaipėdos ir Rygos jūrų uostose ir veiksniai koreguojantys šiuos rodiklius. Atlikus tyrimą nustatyta, kad skystų krovinių srautų augimas yra tik Klaipėdos uoste, birių krovinių srautai abiejuose uostuose yra panašūs, o generalinių krovinių Klaipėdos uostas perkrauna dvigubai daugiau nei Rygos jūrų uostas. Reikšminiai žodžiai: krovinių srautai, dinamika, Klaipėdos jūrų uostas, Rygos jūrų uostas. [Iš leidinio]
ENCargo flows are a key indicator of seaport capacity. Since cargo flows are constantly changing, influenced by external or internal factors, it is important to consistently analyze them and make appropriate changes in order to avoid their negative dynamics. Ports can contribute to improving these indicators by updating port technologies and improving existing port characteristics, such as: port depth, port image, increasing cargo volumes and improving reliability. The sea ports of Klaipėda and Riga are competing neighboring ports for which it is very important to achieve the highest possible indicators of cargo flows in order to gain a competitive advantage in the region. The article analyzes the dynamics of cargo flows in Klaipėda and Riga seaports. The main goal of the work is to analyze how cargo flows change in these seaports and what influences changes in this area. For the past five years, cargo flows have decreased both in Klaipėda and Riga seaports. This decline was most influenced by the global and geopolitical situation, which forced the ports to make changes and look for sources that would help to increase the amount of transshipped cargo again. After analyzing the statistical data, it was observed that the flows of liquid cargo in these ports decreased in the period from 2018 to 2022, which was most influenced by changes in the flows of oil products and liquefied natural gas.In the same period, the port of Klaipėda experienced a significant decline in bulk cargo volumes, which was influenced by the decrease in the turnover of chemical fertilizers. However, in the Riga seaport, a positive change was observed in the bulk cargo flows in 2022, which could not be seen in the last five years. The return of coal imports contributed to these changes. In the turnover of general cargo in the Klaipėda Seaport in 2018-2022, a minimal dynamic change to the positive side was noticeable, but the Riga Seaport maintained stability in these flows in the five-year period with insignificant positive or negative changes. Keywords: cargo flows, dynamics, Klaipėda seaport, Riga seaport. [From the publication]
