Lietuviškų tradicinių metinių švenčių kūrimo klausimu

LTŠventes ir jų tradicijas formuoja daug skirtingų veiksnių ir aplinkybių. Šiame straipsnyje siekiama itin bendrais bruožais apibūdinti svarbiausias socialines institucijas, jų įtakas, tarpusavio sąsajas, XX-XXI a. Lietuvoje veikusias vyraujantį įsivaizdavimą, kokios šventės laikytinos „tradicinėmis lietuviškomis“ metinėmis šventėmis, atkreipti dėmesį į tai, kas yra (ar gali būti) šių šventinių tradicijų „išradėjai“, lietuviškų švenčių paveldo kūrėjai. Pagrindinis dėmesys darbe skiriamas mokslo ir kultūros institucijų bei visuomenės grupių ir organizacijų vaidmeniui švenčių konstravimo (kūrimo, išradimo) procese apžvelgti. Svarbu pabrėžti, kad dėl ribotos darbo apimties nesiekiama išsamiai išanalizuoti visų atitinkamų (tuo labiau konkrečių atskirų institucijų ir asmenų) įtakų. [Iš straipsnio, p. 77]

ENTh e article aims to outline the infl uence of various academic and cultural institutions, public organizations and groups on construction of popular notions of festivals that are considered as “traditional Lithuanian annual festivals” in the Lithuanian society in the 20th-the 21st centuries. Meanings and traditions of “traditional” festivals created by these institutions and organizations, as well as particularities of celebration of some festivals are discussed. Historical and socio-cultural circumstances that have determined these interpretations of festivals and celebratory practices are described.Strong association of annual festivals and nationality began at the beginning of the 20th century and was related to the creation of the modern Lithuanian national identity. During an interwar period, Catholic organizations encouraged celebration of festivals that were shaped by Christian tradition, whereas nationalist organizations emphasised non-religious, pre-Christian aspects of celebratory practices. During Soviet times, “traditional” festivals could be celebrated only excluding their religious dimension. Aft er Lithuania regained its independence in 1990, notions of festivals as secular or pre-Christian were prevalent too. In the 20th-the 21st centuries, festivals have been created and constructed by the Lithuanian science society, museums, academic institutes, universities, local centres of culture, Catholic and nationalist organizations, movements of amateur ethnographers and folklore ensembles, other organizations of ethnic culture revival, neopagan groups, etc. Th ese institutions and organizations had complex ties with one another, closely interacted and were infl uenced by celebratory practices they had created. Keywords: annual festivals, traditions, social institutions, creation of festivals. [From the publication]