ENHistoric time endows the concepts of nationality and citizenship as well as their relation with a different and shifting significance in the arena of world politics. The fall of totalitarian empires at the end of the 20th century conditioned a second wave of the establishment of national states which demonstrated the power and vitality of nationality. In the European Union similar processes are also happening today and they show that citizenship is just a derivative of the dimension of nationality. This paper is a discourse on what could be the present strategy of reinforcing the fundamentals of the state. Has nationality, which is being instilled in public education as ethnic culture, lost its meaning for that purpose? And what is the future of national states? Will they evaporate in the realm of globalized world, or will they become colourful cultural blossoms in the economically and legally integrated community of European countries? In the context of this dilemma the paper discusses the goals of education in Lithuania. The conclusions state that the reinforcement of ethnic culture is the goal of national importance and it has to be efficiently implemented in the institutions of education and culture. Keywords: national identity, citizenship, national state, globalization, EU politics, cultural politics. [From the publication]