Penkerių - šešerių metų vaikų empatijos raiška meninėje veikloje

LTBendraudamas su bendraamžiais ir suaugusiais ikimokyklinio ugdymo institucijoje, vaikas įgyja lygiaverčių santykių patirties, mokosi draugauti, atlikti skirtingus vaidmenis, formuojasi vaiko įgūdžiai, nuostatos, elgesio modeliai, ugdomas empatijos jausmas. Empatija – tai gebėjimas įsijausti į kito padėtį, susitapatinti su kito asmens emocine būsena, suprasti kito jausmus. Meninės veiklos užsiėmimai sužadina vaikų jausmus, kurie leidžia vaikams suprasti save ir kitus, savitai išreikšti patirtas emocijas, mintis ir jausmus, skatinamas vaikų bendravimas, kūrybiškumas ir empatija. Straipsnyje išanalizuota penkerių – šešerių metų vaikų empatijos raiška meninėje veikloje. Šiam tikslui pasiekti iškelti uždaviniai, kuriuos įgyvendinant teoriniu aspektu išanalizuotos penkerių – šešerių metų vaikų empatijos ugdymo galimybės ikimokyklinio ugdymo institucijoje bei empatijos raiška meninėje veikloje. Ištirta empatijos raiška meninių veiklų (teatrinė veikla, muzikinė veikla) metu. Tyrimas atskleidė, jog ikimokyklinio ugdymo institucijoje penkerių – šešerių metų vaikų įtraukimas į organizuotą meninę veiklą, padeda formuotis empatiškumui, kuris dažniausiai pasireiškia tarp bendraamžių ir neformaliojo ugdymo pedagogo, o šio amžiaus vaikų mažėjantis egocentrizmas sudaro sąlygas vystytis empatijai. Ikimokyklinio ugdymo institucijoje kryptingai organizuotas ugdymas sustiprina vaiko dorą elgesį, o empatijos ugdymas tampa pagrindu prosocialioms emocijoms reikštis. Reikšminiai žodžiai: empatija, raiška, meninė veikla. [Iš leidinio]

ENA child gains the experience of equal relationships, learns to be friendly, play different roles, their skills, attitudes, behavioural models form, the feeling of empathy is promoted during communication with their peers and adults in a pre-school education institution. Empathy is the ability to put yourself in another person’s position, connect with the emotional state of another person, understand their feelings. A five-six year old child starts to consciously better understand others: takes note of their needs, understands their feelings, therefore empathy, like other moral qualities, have to be trained, as they are not innate. Pre-school education institutions run artistic activities with the main goal of artistic expression of the child. During artistic activities, the child’s emotional, experience, thought and impression expression also improves. Creativity and imagination develop, positive emotions collect, moral qualities are awoken, the child becomes empathetic, responsible, seeing and hearing, able to understand themselves and the world. Artistic activities, which include music, dance, acting and visual expression, are important in training empathy. Acting activities, which are firstly a game in pre-school age, are significant to empathy expression in a preschool education institution. Children’s emotions and feelings are encouraged in games during which the child experiences others and himself. Acting activities let children better learn about themselves and their peers when roleplaying and observing the change of emotion in faces. The conflicts and their solutions, which arise among children during plays, teach children tolerance and positive communication. Acting honours wisdom, bravery, serving others, it promotes children’s imagination and creativity, teaches empathy.Music helps five-six year old children to express their impressions, experiences, thoughts, experienced emotions uniquely. Musical activities are the fastest to arouse children’s emotions, form aesthetic feelings, are socially significant to pre-school age children as they help acquire bravery and self-confidence, promote communication, self-expression. In musical activities, the children are encouraged to demonstrate their creative abilities, the skills, which are typical in leaders, are promoted: the ability to cooperate and respect peers, honesty, bravery, liveliness, curiosity, independence, creativity and empathy. Artistic activities arouse children’s feelings, which allow them to understand themselves and others, express their experienced emotions, thoughts and feelings uniquely, children’s communication, creativity and empathy are encouraged. The object of the research – empathy expression of five-six year old children. The goal of the research – to reveal empathy expression of five-six year old children in artistic activities. The tasks of the research: 1. To analyse empathy expression of five-six year old children in artistic activities in the theoretical aspect. 2. To examine empathy expression of five-six year old children in artistic activities.The child gains the experience of equal relationships, learns to be friendly, play different roles, their skills, attitudes, behavioural models form, the feeling of empathy is promoted during communication with their peers and adults in a pre-school educational institution. The empathy of five-six year old children in artistic activities presents in the ability to help, feel pity for, comfort, listen, share, not hurt or mock, behave with manners. The research revealed that the aspects of the expression of empathy during artistic activities are present in acting and musical activities. The most common empathy expressions in five-six year old children seen in acting activities are: confidence in themselves and others, polite behaviour, concentration, ability to listen, following common agreements and rules. From the empathy expressions observed during the research, the ability to recognize others’ emotions from their faces, feel pity for, comfort, sympathize were seen rarely. During musical activities, these empathy expression forms are revealed the most often: concentration, ability to not mock, to share, help, listen, self-confidence, polite and respectful communication, following rules and common agreements. Confidence in others and the ability to help were observed less frequently. The aspects of the expression of empathetic behaviour usually manifest between the subjects themselves, the subjects and the educator of the group, people the subjects know and do not know. Therefore, daily artistic activities in a pre-school education institution help empathy form, which is affected by purposeful and organized education and the decreasing egocentrism of five-six year old children. Keywords: empathy, expression, artistic activities. [From the publication]