Patyčių tarp priešmokyklinio amžiaus vaikų mažinimo galimybės žaidybine veikla

LTLietuva yra viena pirmaujančių valstybių pagal vaikų patyčių rodiklius. Tyrimai rodo, kad patyčių formos aptinkamos jau vaikų darželyje. Siekiant sumažinti šio reiškinio paplitimą, pirminė prevencija turėtų būti vykdoma jau vaikų darželyje. Straipsnyje analizuojama patyčių samprata, formos ir atsiradimo priežastys teoriniu aspektu. Atskleidžiama žaidimo reikšmė patyčių mažinimui priešmokykliniame amžiuje. Remiantis pedagogų apklausos rezultatais, įvertintos žaidybinės veiklos galimybės, mažinant patyčias priešmokykliniame amžiuje. Ikimokyklinių bei priešmokyklinių grupių pedagogai pastebi patyčių apraiškas kasdieniame mažųjų bendravime, todėl ugdymo procese, žaidybinėje veikloje renkasi ne tik programas, metodus, bet ir derina įvairius netradicinius darbo būdus, kurie mažintų patyčias tarp vaikų. Reikšminiai žodžiai: patyčios, žaidybinė veikla, priešmokyklinis amžius. [Iš leidinio]

ENResearch problem. Contemporary society is increasingly talking about bullying in educational institutions. Little research has been done, and the area of bullying in pre-school is analyzed. Research needed to reveal the current situation, to identify factors that lead to bullying in pre-school age, to evaluate the possibilities of the game by reducing bullying. Research object –reducing bullying among pre-school children in play. Research aim – to clarify the reduction of pre-school age bullying among children. Research methods: analysis of scientific literature, written survey (questionnaire). Conclusions: 1. Analysis of literature sources has revealed that there is no clear and universally accepted concept of bullying. Bullying is determined by the style of parenting, the tendency to dominate in the group, the negative feelings, the lack of empathy, the culture of bullying. Children express bullying by naming, not playing, beating, kicking, ignoring, taking away toys, insulting, scaring. Summarizing the concepts of the game of different authors, we can define that the game is an optional, independent, enjoyable activity, closest to the child. Gaming activity is an effective means of reducing pre-school bullying among children, as most respondents think the game develops communication skills, develops fantasy, creativity, and imagination. 2. Analysis of the results of quantitative research revealed that bullying starts already in pre-school age and that their manifestations are observed every day or at least once a week. In the educational environment, pre-school pedagogues use various opportunities for play activities to reduce bullying: conversation, discussion, finding common solutions; the development of custom and child-friendly rules; playful activities that promote children's cooperation, respect, friendly, secure mutual relationships; watching video tutorials, talk. Key words: bullying, gambling, age-related school age. [From the publication]