Penkerių - šešerių metų vaikų empatijos ir gerumo ugdymas šeimoje

LTEmpatija - tai gebėjimas pajusti ir suprasti kitų emocijas, įsijausti į kito būseną, pamatyti situaciją kito žmogaus akimis ir jautriai į tai sureaguoti. Tai vienas svarbiausių įgūdžių, skatinančių mus elgtis moraliai, teisingai, užjausti ir rūpintis kitais. Asmens ugdymo procesas, paremtas gėrio idėja, suteikia ugdytiniui visuminį realybės vaizdą ir plečia jo socialinio buvimo bei veikimo ribas. Taigi kyla klausimas kaip ugdyti penkerių – šešerių metų vaikų empatiją ir gerumą šeimoje? Siekiant išanalizuoti penkerių – šešerių metų vaikų empatijos ir gerumo ugdymą šeimoje, naudotasi šiais tyrimo metodais: moksline literatūros analizė, nebaigtų apsakymų metodas, apklausa žodžiu (pusiau standartizuotas interviu) ir turinio kokybinė analizė. Straipsnyje pristatoma penkerių – šešerių metų vaikų psichosocialinė charakteristika, empatijos ir gerumo ugdymo ypatumai teoriniu aspektu. Taip pat penkerių – šešerių metų vaikų empatijos ir gerumo ir ugdymo šeimoje tyrimo rezultatų empirinė analizė. Ugdant vaikų empatiją ir gerumą svarbus tėvų asmeninis pavyzdys, bendra tėvų ir vaikų veikla, taisyklės ir vaiko pareigos šeimoje, mokymas atpažinti nežodinius ženklus, empatijos ir gerumo ugdymosi situacijos ir vaiko skatinimas. Reikšminiai žodžiai: empatija, gerumas, ugdymas, šeima. [Iš leidinio]

ENContemporary society is full of violence manifestations. Films, computer games – they run on fight. More and more frequently we hear about children’s anger, indifference and bullying. A lot is talked about what to do in bullying situations; however, it is advisable to foster empathy and kindness in pre-school children what is the best prevention against violence culture which is becoming predominant in society. Empathy is one of key skills encouraging us to behave morally, sympathize with and care for others. Kindness is determined by moral views, beliefs, moods and feelings. Although kindness is a part of every human’s genetic code, if adults do not pay enouth attention, time and efforts to children’s education, it can start disappearing. Therefore, children’s empathy and kindness need to be fostered. Research problem: How to foster five-six year old children’s empathy and kindness in a family? Research object: Fostering empathy and kindness. Aim: To analyze of fostering empathy and kindness in five-six year old children in a family. Goals: 1. Theoretical aspect of revealing of fostering empathy and kindness in families; 2. Establishing of fostering empathy and kindness in a family. Participants of the research. The formed target group included people (parents) raising five-six year old emphatic children. Non-probability sampling was used to choose the participants. The following research methods were used in the work: scientific literature analysis, oral questionnaire (partly standardized interview), content analysis. During the research, in order to understand people’s experience and empathy, interpretational paradigm was used.Data collection procedure. Qualitative research results were analyzed applying a method of qualitative content analysis. The text was interpreted using categories and subcategories established during the research which illustrate peculiarities of fostering empathy and kindness in families. Interview analysis was carried out by summarizing and presenting a general analysis of responses. Conclusions: 1. Empathy is an ability to get into another person’s situation, emotions and to understand their feelings. Kindness is a quality of human’s character determined by their moral attitudes and feelings. Child’s empathy is a condition for fostering kindness. When a child is five-six years old their levels of pro-social moral reasoning change: from hedonistic, pragmatic orientation, when behavior satisfies child’s needs, it is moved to orientation towards other people’s needs. Children of this age try to be similar to their family members, and thus a family is children’s education institution, environment and factor determining five-six year old child’s empathy and kindness 2. The study revealed that ratio of empathy and kindness is causal. Aiming to foster children’s empathy and kindness parents show individual example expressed in parents’ personal characteristics, relationship with other family members and other people. According to informants, empathy and kindness are fostered by joint activity of parents and children. It is an activity meant to help others, activity when a child is educated and free time is spent together. The participants of the study stated that empathy is fostered by teaching children to read non-verbal signs, encouraging children to try various roles and get into and understand another person’s situation. Fostering kindness social activity with children is practiced, good behavior of children is noticed and they are deliberately encouraged. Key words: empathy, kindness, fostering, family. [From the publication]