Historical relationship between operational activities and criminal intelligence: the case of Lithuania
ENThe information presented in this article allows us to reveal the historical connection between operational activities and criminal intelligence. The object of the research is the historical connection between operational activities and criminal intelligence in Lithuania. The aim of the study is to reveal the historical development of the concepts of operational activity and criminal intelligence in Lithuania, emphasizing the increasing importance of ethics for criminal intelligence. Operational activity is usually associated with the activities of criminal services, which are concerned only with gathering information and detecting crime and take this for granted and not analysed. The history of operational activities from 1918 to the present day shows a fundamental similarity: secret services have been in existence throughout history. Whether in order to preserve the state or in the face of changes in governance, the principle of operational activity has remained similar. After Lithuania regained its independence, the most important date for criminal intelligence is 2013-01-01, when the Law on Criminal Intelligence of the Republic of Lithuania was adopted. The article emphasizes that it aims to ensure the protection of human rights and freedoms, regulate the bases of operational activities, etc.The expressed thoughts do not raise any doubts about the need for ethics in criminal intelligence. Ethics becomes a necessary part of the concept of criminal intelligence when comparing it with operational activities, therefore the article briefly presents two essential ways of how criminal intelligence in Lithuania functions whilst facing ethical issues. First are actions imitating a criminal act and second, secret surveillance. The conclusions state that experienced painful historical facts, the creation of a democratic state influenced the change of the name of the operative activity of the Republic of Lithuania to the name of the criminal intelligence of the Republic of Lithuania. Criminal intelligence officers perform their functions legally, i.e., in accordance with legislation. Every legal act protects human constitutional and natural rights. However, there are exceptions that these rights may be violated if it is required to stop a crime, protect the state or human rights and freedoms. Every action of criminal intelligence can be considered moral if it does not violate legal norms. Keywords: operative activity, criminal intelligence, historical development, independence of Lithuania. [From the publication]
- Baudžiamojo proceso ikiteisminis etapas / Petras Ancelis ; Mykolo Romerio universitetas. Vilnius : Saulelė, 2007. 294 p.
- Efektyvi teisės į privatų gyvenimą apsauga taikant kriminalinės žvalgybos priemones / Edgaras Markevičius. Teisės apžvalga 2021, Nr. 1(23), p. 46-63.
- Etiniai kriminalinės žvalgybos aspektai / Erika Greičiūtė, Giedrė Paurienė. Visuomenės saugumas ir viešoji tvarka 2022, 29, p. 59-73.
- Etiniai moraliniai operatyvinės veiklos aspektai / Saulius Mulevičius, Darius Petrošius. Jurisprudencija. 2005, Nr. 76 (68), p. 70-76.
- Kriminalinės žvalgybos duomenų panaudojimo baudžiamajame procese problemos / Artūras Panomariovas, Tomas Rudzkis. Teisės problemos. 2019, Nr. 2 (98), p. 97-107.
- Kriminalinė žvalgyba ir privatus žmogaus gyvenimas / Aurelijus Gutauskas. Teisė. 2019, t. 113, p. 8-26.
- Psichofiziologinių tyrimų, naudojant poligrafą, teisinis reglamentavimas ir praktika Lietuvos Respublikoje / Aleksandr Kovalenko, Vitas Saldžiūnas. Visuomenės saugumas ir viešoji tvarka 2011, 5, p. 69-80.
- Slaptas sekimas - tinkamos pusiausvyros paieška tarp visuomenės teisės būti saugia ir asmens teisės į privatumą : disertacija / Gediminas Bučiūnas. Kaunas, 2014. 1 pdf (214 p.).
- Teisės į privatumą, minties, sąžinės, religijos laisvę ir saviraišką užtikrinimo problemos Mindaugas Lankauskas, Matas Mulevičius, Salomėja Zaksaitė. Vilnius : Lietuvos teisės institutas, 2013. 1 pdf (50 p.).
