Visuminio vokalo technikos taikymo teatre galimybės: laisvosios vokalinės improvizacijos kontekstas

LTAktorystė neatsiejama nuo improvizacijos meno, tai visa apimantis kontekstas, kur būtini ne tik aktoriniai gebėjimai, bet ir atitinkamos asmenybės savybės, virtuoziškos raiškos technikos įvaldymas, psichosocialinis atsparumas, svarbiausia – unikali ir autentiška raiška. Aktoriui svarbu gebėti tiksliai pasirinkti vokalinę techniką, pritaikyti ją skirtingų žanrų spektakliuose, įvairiems vaidmenims, taip pat ir muzikiniams, improvizuojant. Svarbu gebėti į savo kūrybą įtraukti pažangiausias vokalo technikas, suvokti metodų taikymo ir eksperimentavimo kontekstą, neprarandant savo individualumo. Straipsnyje pristatoma visuminio vokalo technika, apimanti visus stilius – nuo klasikinio dainavimo iki sunkiojo roko, suteikianti galimybę eksperimentuoti tembrais ir balso efektais, laiduojanti balso technikų pritaikymą kalbant, viską pagrindžiant fiziologija ir anatomija. Pristatomas empirinis tyrimas ir jo rezultatai, siekiant integruoti šią techniką į teatro veiklą. Pagrindiniai žodžiai: visuminio vokalo technika, teatras, laisvoji vokalinė improvizacija. [Iš leidinio]

ENThe Complete Vocal Technique (CVT) offers a radically new approach to vocal training, and has revolutionised the field. The core concept of this methodology is reflected in vocal modes, which, when used in various combinations, cover all styles of music from Classical to hard rock, including jazz, experiment with the possibilities, and vary with different material. The most important task of CVT is to convey the idea and provide all the ‘tools’, so that it is heard the way the actor, singer or improviser wants. Cathrine Sadolin, the founder of CVT, is one of the world’s leading voice researchers. Her research with ENT doctors and acoustic engineers of all vocal styles, combined with her experience as a professional singer, has inspired innovative thinking in the field. Research into perfecting vocal technique is an ongoing process that is constantly updated as new results emerge. CVT is based on more than 28 years of extensive research, and is recommended by doctors and speech therapists worldwide. CVT is popularised in top science journals, books and programmes. Its translation into ten languages was a great international success. How can this be useful in the theatre? Perhaps the most important aspect is that the CVT technique is designed to work with sound. Spontaneous improvisation, especially in jazz, is the most developed and advanced form of musical improvisation. According to Pherson, Lopez-Gonzalez, Rankin and Limb (2014), improvisation musicians do not use any universal rules to convey a huge range of emotions, but put together heterogeneous musical elements, combining different features/functions/ images, showing that structural diversity can be fundamental to the ability of improvisational music, and the basis for expressing various emotions. Vocal jazz is a little-researched area in the cultural context of Lithuania, and also in countries with more experience of jazz.A vocalist performing jazz must have mastered not only the art of improvisation, but also vocal technique, which in schools with an older tradition of jazz is viewed in a complex way, in the context of various musical styles. The context of improvisation in the training of actors provides an opportunity to experience the process as a natural and life-like one, to reveal more suggestively the subtleties of the CVT method. The article presents the study and its results. The theoretical basis of this study consists of theories that respond to the expression of identity; these are theories of personality development, Marcia’s theory of identity statuses, Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development, and psychoanalytical theories (Freud, Jung). In order to find out the possibilities of applying the CVT method through vocal improvisation in the theatre, an artistic study was conducted from 2020 to 2023 at the Lithuanian Academy of Music and Theatre. The research participants were 23 actors and drama students. The author of the article teaches the course ‘Modern Vocal Techniques and Improvisation’ at the LMTA. Classes are held once a week for three hours. The author of the article is studying the CVT method, the possibilities of which are explored in vocal improvisation in the theatre, and at the Complete Vocal Technique Institute, Denmark. Qualitative research, activity research with participation, data collection methods: observation, filming, reflection. This article will present the research results obtained during collective reflection.The Gibbs model of experiential learning is used to analyse the research data (what happened?); the characterisation of feelings/thoughts (what did you think and feel?); the evaluation of the experience (what was good and bad in the lived experience; the analysis (what does this situation mean to you?); the conclusion (what else could have been done?); and the action plan (if the situation were to happen again, what would you do?). During the sessions, research participants were introduced to CVT methodology and there were exercises, and the final result of each semester was a performance which integrates the acquired experiential knowledge and the relevant topics that were explored during the semester. The performances are based on vocal improvisation; the research participants and the research organiser adhere to the ethical and methodological requirements of participating in activity research. The study revealed that mastering the CVT method in the context of vocal improvisation is a continuous, lifelong learning process. In this process, the methodology of experiential learning is a very important aspect, when education is connected with professional activity and personality growth. The CVT method is characterised by harmony of the body, soul and mind. Therefore, the process of collective and personal reflection is an integral part of the study process. The CVT method gives everyone the opportunity to reveal their individual and authentic powers; the result is never final; constant vigilance, observation and individual work are required. [...] Keywords: Complete Vocal Technique (CVT) method, theatre, free vocal improvisation. [From the publication]