ENThis article attempted to overview the use of the monographic method in socio-logical research of Lithuania. Historically, the monographic method stimulatedthe development of rural sociology in Eastern European countries. The fulfilmentof the aim is inevitably related to a question about institutionalisation and the development of sociology and such a sub-discipline as rural sociology in Lithuania. The outcomes of the inquiry allow one to argue that the monographic methodis in oblivion rather than in active use, belonging to the history of sociological research in Lithuania. However, the monographic method, often unnamed, iswidely applied to contemporary local history research. The geopolitical reasons had a significant impact on retardation in the institutionalisation and development of national sociology. The politics of nationalidentity management, including those of science and education, can be among theimportant reasons for the absence of institutionalised rural sociology in Lithuania.However, a national social demographical context determining the permanentpublic and political need “to solve a peasant question” created the bulk of appliedresearch in the Lithuanian countryside that can be considered as adequate datain the frame of rural sociology. Keywords: Lithuanian sociology, history of sociology, rural sociology, monographic method.