Viduramžių Klaipėdos pramogos archeologijos duomenimis

LTStraipsnyje analizuojami Klaipėdos Viduramžių (XIII a. antrosios pusės - XVI a. pirmosios pusės) archeologiniai radiniai, sietini su pramogomis. Šie radiniai buvo aptikti 2010, 2014 ir 2016 m. tyrimų metu. Dalis jų aptikta kurtinų pylimo sluoksniuose, kiti - Viduramžių medinio miesto užstatymo horizontuose. Iš viso analizuojami 44 artefaktai. Nustatyta, kad pilėnai ir miestiečiai žaidė lošimo kauliukais, kėgliais, čiuožinėjo pačiūžomis, grojo dambreliais ir ūžynėmis. Iš ankstesnių tyrimų žinoma, kad žaista šachmatais ir kitais stalo žaidimais bei rutuliukais. Tai didžiausia pramoginių artefaktų kolekcija, surinkta Klaipėdos archeologinių tyrimų metu. Reikšminiai žodžiai: Klaipėda, Memel, Viduramžiai, žaidimai, Vokiečių ordinas. [Iš leidinio]

ENArchaeological finds provide the most information about Medieval entertainment in Lithuania. Written sources are scarce, and present the entertainment of the elite. The entertainments of townspeople and children are revealed only through the prism of archaeological finds. Games and entertainment in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania are best represented by archaeological finds from Kernave and the Lower Castle in Vilnius. Archaeological finds relating to entertainment in the territory of the Teutonic Order, and later in the Duchy of Prussia, are scarce, and therefore have been little analysed. Although Klaipėda Castle has been explored for decades, and thousands of archaeological finds have been discovered there, although very few archaeological finds relating to entertainment have been found. Entertainment and gaming artefacts are more abundant in the 16th to 18th-century layers, while Medieval finds were extremely rare until the 2010 archaeological survey. Only four finds are mentioned in publications: a gaming counter, a clay and bone game ball, and a chess piece made of deer bone. In 2010, 2014 and 2016, the following were found: four bone skates, 26 knucklebones with lead, nine bone toggles, three Jew’s harps, and an amber gaming dice. All artefacts are dated to the second half of 13th century to the first half of 16th century.This is one of the richest collections of Medieval entertainment finds in Lithuania. The finds have added to the already-existing data on amusements, as well as providing new information. The artefacts provide evidence of board games, sports and musical activities: people in Medieval Klaipėda played with dice, skittles, conkers and astragalus, and skated on ice in the winter. The townspeople or their children also played music on the Jew’s harps and the bone toggles. Previous archaeological research has shown that chess, marbles and other board games were played in Klaipėda. Archaeological finds show that Klaipeda’s inhabitants in the Middle Ages enjoyed the same activities as inhabitants of West European countries and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Future archaeological research might reveal more information about games and music instruments in Medieval Klaipėda. Keywords: Klaipėda, Memel, Middle Ages, games, Teutonic Order. [From the publication]

• Archeologija / Archaeology
• Istorija / History