Smeltės istorijos klausimai

LTDidžiausio Klaipėdos priemiesčio - Smeltės - istorija nebuvo detaliai nagrinėta. Istorikas Johannes Sembritzkis pateikė faktų iš Smeltės istorijos, tačiau jie išmėtyti per visus tris jo veikalus, be to, iš šių faktų beveik neįmanoma susidaryti vaizdo, kokia buvo Smeltės priemiesčio raida, Iš lietuvių autorių Jonas Tatoris bene vienintelis užsiminė apie miestą supusių gyvenviečių praeitį. Vis dėlto J. Tatoris šiam klausimui neskyrė daug dėmesio, todėl kai kurie šio autoriaus teiginiai, kaip matysime, nesutaps su šiame straipsnyje siūloma Smeltės raidos rekonstrukcija. Ruošiant šį tekstą, buvo peržiūrėta didžioji dalis pasirinktai temai aktualios publikuotos medžiagos, tačiau iškart būtina pripažinti, kad skurdūs šaltiniai iš tikrųjų smarkiai riboja bandymus išsamiau interpretuoti Smeltės raidą. Todėl šiame straipsnyje bandoma detaliau paliesti iš esmės tik keletą klausimų, kuriuos, įvertinant minėtą medžiagos ribotumą, dar įmanoma aptarti. Tai - Smeltės teritorijos apimties klausimas, kai kurie juridiniai ir pramoninės raidos aspektai, urbanistinė priemiesčio raida. [Iš leidinio]

ENThe paper aims to examine a history of the villages, situated south of Klaipėda along the Curonian Lagoon, and unified into Smeltė (Schmelz) Communities in the 19th century. On the grounds of cartographical material and other historical sources it attempts to review the essential points of development of the place from the beginning of the 16th to the middle of the 20th century. Evidently a village in Smeltė was growing with foundation of an inn in the end of the 15th century. The oldest part of this village built up in the influx of the Smeltalė (Schmeltelle) River, on both banks of it. A part of territory in Smeltė became heritable domain of the possessors of Gedminai (Gut Götzhofen) and when in 1707 the manor was granted with the proprietary rights, this territory became private property of last-mentioned manor. There's a strong presumption that plague of 1709-1711 heavily emptied the village. In the middle of the 18th century when Klaipėda activated its relations with the southern suburbs and bondage in domains of the Prussian king was abolished the settlements in the royal territory between proprietary Smeltė and Bernsteinbruch started to develop as well. Therefore in the end of the 18th - beginning of the 19th century in the territories from Klaipėda to the influx of Smeltalė sporadic villages formed rather integral territory which entirely gradually was entitled as Smeltė.In the middle of the 19th century in accordance with subordination of land-owning the Communities of Proprietary (Adlig) and Royal (Königlich) Smeltė were founded. In 1902 both Communities were unified into Smeltė district (Amtsbezirk). The urbanistical centre of Smeltė in the 19th century moved from the Proprietary Smeltė closer to the town, actually to Bernsteinburch. Active development of wood manufacturing, at first in the same Bernsteinbruch, influenced the alternation of image of Smeltė - previously dominated fishermen were replaced by industrial classes. Fairly important alterations were associated with construction of Königs- Wilhelm Channel and building of cellulose and paper factory in Smeltė. Due to active intercourse between Klaipėda and its southern suburbs the Smeltė district was at last incorporated into the town in 1918. Till 1939 Smeltė had been quite successfully integrated and construction of new residential quarter between the town and its former suburb in the late 1930's furthered this integration. [From the publication]