ENThe aim of the article is to present the internal situation in Lithuania in the novel "The Deluge" by Henryk Sienkiewicz. It covers the period 1654–1657. An excellent nineteenth-century writer used all the sources available at that time for the history of the Swedish Deluge. Based on today’s knowledge, you cannot treat the novel as a textbook, but merely as his personal vision of the past. Keywords: The Deluge, Henryk Sienkiewicz, Lithuania, 17th century. [From the publication]