ENIn search of the earliest traces of cello performances in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, it is useful to pay close attention to the musical life of the contemporary upper-class. Information concerning cellos and cellists is scattered across numerous registers, lists of expenses and inventories of aristocratic courts. Today these documents are the only testimony to the cellistsí existence and work because their instruments have not survived to our times. The present paper is an attempt to gather data from 20th and 21st century publications, supplemented by records from 19th century books. Keywords: history of the cello, cellists, cello performances, court musician, status of a cellist in the past. [From the publication]