1471 m. Čekijos sosto klausimas ir Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštystė

LT1471 metai datuoja svarbų Vidurio Rytų Europos istorijos tarpsnį, kai Jogailaičiai pradėjo dinastinę ekspansiją, leidusią jai tapti vienu svarbiausių politinių faktorių šiame regione. 1471 m. kovo mėn. staiga mirė Čekijos karalius Jurgis Podebradas (1458-1471). Dėl Čekijos paveldo susigrūmė Vengrijos, Lenkijos ir šv. Romos imperijos valdovai. Tačiau šios kovos priešistorė daug senesnė. [Iš straipsnio, p. 193]

ENThe article contains an attempt to the time 6th -7th decades of the fifteenth century when German princes, Kings of Hungary, Poland, the Emperor involved in controversy for the heritage of Crown of Bohemia. According to a wedding treaty (1454) between the Polish King and Grand Duke of Lithuania Casimir and Elisabeth of Habsburg (the sister of the Czech and Hungarian King Ladislas Posthumus) after her brother death thrones of Bohemia and Hungary could be inherited by Jagicllonians. However the „national kings“ George Podebrady (1457-1471) and Matthias Hunyadi, called ‘Corvinus’ (1458-1490) were elected by national Diets. Pope Paul II, in 1466, denounced George as the „son of perdition“ (for his utraquistic policy), declared him to be deprived of his throne and his possesions, and proclaimed a crusade against him. King of Hungary Matthias made an alliance with the league of the Catholic lords of Bohemia, invaded Moravia, Silesia. Where he was proclaimed king of Bohemia, and then fought his way into Bohemia. The Polish King also raised claims to Bohemia, but until the death of George Podebrady the Polish diplomacy made efforts to solve this conflict peacefully. In 1471 the Bohemian estates gave the crown to Vladislav (1471-1516) the eldest son of Casimir in the hope that he would secure Polish help against Matthias, not seek to destroy the Hussite Church. This article examined how did the Jagiellonian dynastic policy in Central Europe influence to the internal and external policy of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. In the fifteenth century the relationship between the ruler and the aristocracy (princes and lords) served as a basis for political arrangements in the Grand Duchy while the nobility played a secondary and auxiliary role.The Council of Lords (Ponų taryba) represented the ruling political body, protected interests of itself and the state, however it still stayed manageable to will of Grand Duke and played a consultative and executive role in state affairs. In this case the goal of the Council of Lords was to guarantee the state security and stability to allow to seek Jagiellonian’s succession in Central Europe. The Lithuanian government was able to realize this aim though not always according to plans of Casimir (problems of W. Novgorod, Kiev). Casimir, as Grand Duke, appealed to the Council of Lords (and all estates) to get an assent to take a crown of Bohemia. The Lithuanian government was constantly informed about a concurrence of circumstances, and it approved of Jagiellonian political aspirations. However it could participate only in the financial and military sphere of dynastic struggle to succeed realms of Bohemia and Hungary. It’s activity in the diplomatic sphere was practically eliminated. It could be explained by diplomatic inexperience of the Lithuanian government, absence of tics, while the Polish political elite had rather old independent history of diplomacy. But the long absence of ruler in the Grand Duchy conditioned that the Lithuanian government learnt independent diplomacy (with W. Novgorod, Orders of Prussia and Livonia, tatars). [From the publication]