Paganism of lithuanians and prussians

Collection:
Mokslo publikacijos / Scientific publications
Document Type:
Knyga / Book
Language:
Anglų kalba / English
Title:
Paganism of lithuanians and prussians
Authors:
Balsys, Rimantas
Publication Data:
Klaipėda : Klaipėdos universiteto leidykla, 2020.
Pages:
2 t. (215, 246 p.)
Notes:
Bibliografija.
Contents:
T. 1: Introduction — 1. Sacred sites, cult buildings and sacrifice sites of the Lithuanians and Prussians: From Romava to the granary-barn fireplace — 1.1. Sacred Sites — 1.2. Temples — 1.2.1. Romava — 1.2.1.1. Written sources — 1.2.1.2. Name of temple — 1.2.1.3. Location of temple — 1.2.2. The Temple of Perkūnas — 1.3. Sacrificial offering sites — 1.3.1. The Granary Barn — 1.3.1.1. Name and function of the building — 1.3.1.2. Offerings in the jauja in the 16th-18th centuries — 1.3.1.3. The jauja in 19th-20th century folklore and folk beliefs — 1.3.2. The Sauna — 1.3.2.1. Building name and function — 1.3.2.2. Heating the sauna for the gods — 1.3.2.3. Heating the sauna for the ancestors — 1.3.2.4. The sauna and family holidays — 1.3.2.5. The sauna and health — 2. Lithuanian and Prussian žyniai — 2.1. Tulissones, Ligaschones — 2.1.1. Attempts to determine functions and the origin of titles — 2.1.2. Tulissones, Ligaschones and mourners — 2.1.3. Tulissones, Ligasehones and preachers of sermons — 2. 2. Criwe, crywe kyrvaito — 2.2.1. History of research — 2.2.2. Functions of the krivis — 2.3. Wourschkaity, Segnote, waideler / weideler, Maldininks, Weiduluttin — 2.4. The Beggar-Pilgrim — 2.4.1. The pilgrim-beggar in Prussian Lithuania — 2.4.2. The pilgrim-beggar in Lithuania — 2.4.3. The image of the pilgrim-beggar in folklore and customs — 3. Images of the gods of Lithuania and Prussia — 3.1. History of research — 3.2. Information from the written sources — 3.2.1. Pre-Christian-era sources — 3.2.2. Sources describing the pre-Christian era but written after the introduction of Christianity — 3.2.2.1. Authenticity of information in Simon Grunau's chronicle — 3.2.2.2. Authenticity of information in the Bykhovts Chronicle — 3.2.2.3. Authenticity of information from Augustinus Rotundus —3.2.3. Sources from after the introduction of Christianity dealing with the Christian period — Conclusion — Literature and sources. T. 2: Introduction — 1. Lithuanian and Prussian Pagan Sacrifice — 1.1. Definition of Sacrifice and Possible Criteria for Classification — 1.2. Human Sacrifice — 1.2.1. Self-Sacrifice — 1.2.2. Sacrifice of Prisoners of War — 1.2.3. Construction Consecration Sacrifices — 1.3. Sacrifices at and in Water — 1.3.1. Sacrifice on the Semba Peninsula in the Early 16th Century — 1.4. Animal Sacrifice — 1.4.1. Goat Sacrifice — 1.4.1.1. The Goat: An Animal of the Devil? — 1.4.1.2. Goat Sacrifice in Sources from the 13th to 17th Centuries — 1.4.1.3. The Goat as the Spirit of the Grain and the Guarantor of Fertility — 1.4.2. Bull Sacrifice in Written Sources from the 14th-17th Centuries — 1.4.2.1. Bull Sacrifice in Written Documents from the 14th to 17th Centuries — 1.4.2.2. The Bull in Customs, Folklore and Beliefs of the 19th-20th Centuries — 1.4.3. Pig Sacrifice — 1.4.3.1. The Pig in Customs, Folklore and Beliefs of the 19th-20th Centuries — 1.5. The Sacrificial Altar — 1.5.1. Straw (Hay) in 16th-17th Century Sacrifice Rituals — 1.5.2. Straw on the Christmas Eve Table — 1.5.3. Straw (Hay) in Other 19th and 20th Century Traditions and Magic —2. Pagan Prayers of the Lithuanians and Prussians — 2.1. The Dubnitsa Chronicle — 2.2. The Book of the Sūduvians — 2.3. Lukas Davids Chronicle — 2.4. Jan Lasicki's Work — 2.5. Maciej Stryjkowski's Chronicle — 2.6. Matthäus Prätorius's "Prussian Curiosities" — 2.7. Dionysius Fabricius's "A Brief Explanation of the History of Livonia" — 3. Ritual laughter — 4. Prussian and Lithuanian Religious Bans — 4.1. Ban on Allowing Other Gods into the Land — 4.2. Ban on Entering Sacred Sites — 4.3. Ban on Saying Names of Gods — 4.4. Ban on Other Gender Participating in Rituals — 5. Theophanies — 5.1. The Idol as Theophany — 5.2. "Face-to-Face" Theophany — 5.3. Theophany through Dream — 5.4. Footsteps Left by the Gods as Theophany — 5.5. Zoomorphic Theophany — 5.6. Dendromorphic Theophany — Conclusion — Literature.
Subject Category:
LT
Religija / Religion.
Summary / Abstract:

LTMonografija skirta svarbiausių baltiškos pagonybės elementų – lietuvių ir prūsų aukojimo ritualų, religinių draudimų bei teofanijų – analizei. Siekiama nustatyti, kokios aukų rūšys galėjo būti žinomos lietuviams ir prūsams XIV–XVII a.; kokie pagrindiniai aukojimų dievams ir mirusiems protėviams tikslai; kas atlieka aukojimo apeigas, kokie ryškiausi aukotojo ir kitų apeigų dalyvių apeiginiai veiksmai; kas ir kokiems dievams dažniausiai aukota. Ne mažiau svarbu įvertinti aukojimo tikslų, aukojimo būdo, vietos ir pačios aukos turinio koreliaciją; palyginti, kuo vienas aukojimo būdas savo siekiais, adresatu, ritualo eiga skiriasi nuo kitų žinomų ir sankcionuotų to paties laikotarpio aukojimo būdų. Dar viena šio veikalo dalis skirta religiniams draudimams ir teofanijoms. siekiama parodyti, kokia galėjo būti dievų ir žmonių akistata ikikrikščioniškuoju laikotarpiu, ar apsireikšdavo kariams ir žemdirbiams dievai, kokie žinomi ir aprašyti tokio apsireiškimo būdai, laikas, vieta bei kitos aplinkybės; nustatyti, išryškinti svarbiausius pagonių lietuvių ir prūsų religinius draudimus, jų ištakas bei refleksijas XiX–XX a. papročiuose, tikėjimuose, tautosakoje. [knygos.lt]

ENA work was published in 2020 on the most significant portions of the religion of the last pagans in Europe, the Lithuanians and Prussians, describing the images of their gods, their temples, sacred sites, sacrificial sites and the priests who performed ceremonies at these sites. This monograph is dedicated to the other most significant elements of Baltic paganism: an examination of the sacrifice rituals, religious bans and theophanies of the Lithuanians and Prussians. By systematizing descriptions of sacrifice rituals, this monograph attempts to establish what species of sacrifice were known to the Lithuanians and Prussians in the 14th-17th-century period; what the main goals were in making sacrifices to the gods and ancestors; who performed sacrifice rituals and what the major actions performed by the person making the sacrifice and participants were; as well as what was most often sacrificed, and to which gods. No less important was it to assess the correlation between the goal sought through sacrifice, the method used, the location and the content of the sacrifice itself; to compare how one method of sacrifice with its goals, the deity addressed and the corresponding ritual differed from other known and sanctioned methods of sacrifice in the same period.Sacrificial rituals are inseparable from prayers, the ritual texts. Therefore this work attempts to examine exhaustively all prayers (and fragments of prayers) in the written sources from the 14th-17th centuries which were directed towards the pagan Lithuanian and Prussian gods, their intent, the gods addressed, the time and location of the prayer and those saying the prayers, as well as to look at how these prayers were distributed in later sources, their connection with non-canonical Christian and folkloric prayers, invocations and well-wishing. Another section of this work is dedicated to religious bans and theophanies. It attempts to show the possible relationship between the gods and the people in the pre-Christian period, whether they showed themselves to soldiers and farmers, which kinds of such revelations are known and recorded, the times and locations involved, and etc.; and to describe the main religious bans for Lithuanian and Prussian pagans and their origins and reflections in the customs, beliefs and folklore of the 19th and 20th centuries. This monograph attempts both to shed light on a specific period and to illustrate the evolution of sacrifice rituals, prayers, theophanies and religious bans before the adoption of Christianity (13th-14th centuries), in the two centuries after the advent of Christianity (15th-16th centuries), during the period of religious syncretism at the close of the 17th and early 18th century and from the 19th to early 21st century, the period during which many reflections of the pagan religious elements were expressed in various manners and recorded. [Introduction]

ISBN:
9786094810749 (t. 1); 9786094811074 (t. 2)
Subject:
Etnologija / Ethnology
Related Publications:
Literacy in Medieval and early modern Vilnius: forms of writing and rhetorical spaces in the city / Jakub Niedzwiedz. Turnhout : Brepols, 2023. xlv, 765 p.
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https://www.lituanistika.lt/content/101012
Updated:
2023-05-17 11:07:01
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