Najwcześniejsze wydania Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego poświęcone 550. rocznicy urodzin Franciszka Skoryny i 500. rocznicy opublikowania "Małej książeczki podróżnej"

• Ankstyviausieji Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštijos leidiniai. Skiriama Pranciškaus Skorinos 550-osioms gimimo ir "Mažosios kelionių knygelės" 500-osioms išleidimo metinėms
• Earliest publications of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania

ENThis study is an overview of the earliest publications of the GDL published in Cracow, Milan, Prague, Rome, Vilnius and some other cities before two events close in time to each other: the death of Francysk Skaryna (1551-1552) and the opening of the GDL's first long-running printing (1553). The study provides discussion of 86 books printed in the time period from 1494 to 1553 in Church Slavonic, Lithuanian, Polish, German and Latin, the languages used in the GDL for writing and communication from the early times. This is a first attempt to offer a general picture of the multilingual heritage of the earliest print book in the GDL. In the present study, all these publications are classified into three groups. The first one roughly corresponds to the reign of Alexander Jagiellończyk (reigned in 1492-1506); the second, of Sigismund the Old (reigned in 1506-1548); and the third, Sigismund II Augustus (reigned in 1544-1572). In 1492-1506, eight books were published, all in Latin. In 1507-1543, 56 books came out, 33 of them in Latin, 22 in Church Slavonic, and one in German. In 1544-1553, 22 books were published, 17 of them in Latin, three in Polish, and two in Lithuanian. Evaluating the earliest GDL publications from the thematic point of view, we determined that most publications issued at that time were works in religion (54). Poetry and publications in art and rhetoric are the second numerous group (22).The third group consists of law publications (3); this group followed by books in political and social affairs, medicine, and astronomy (two each) and philosophical writings (one book). These numbers are in line with the development of European printing of the second half of the 15th-the 16th century. While at the turn of the 15л-16,ь centuries the majority of publications in Europe were of religious content, later the proportion of such literature decreased from 45 percent in 1500 to 25-30 percent in the 17th century. All or nearly all books of the Old Testament and one part of the New Testament published by Francysk Skaryna in Prague and Vilnius in Church Slavonic endow the printing of the GDL in 1494-1553 with indisputable originality. In the context of the multilingual literature of the GDL, Skaryna's input may be described as follows: in the first half of the 16th century he carried on the tradition of writing in Church Slavonic and Ruthenian and took up a new opportunity, that of printing in Cyrillic. Keywords: Grand Duchy of Lithuania; Alexander Jagiellończyk; Sigismund the Old; Sigismund II Augustus; Francysk Skaryna; Martynas Mažvydas; earliest publication; printed book; Church Slavonic; Ruthenian; Latin; Lithuanian; Polish. [From the publication]