Niccolò Buccella. Inkvizicijos kalinys, karaliaus medikas: heterodoksija, medicina ir italų egzilis XVI a. antrojoje pusėje

LTTai knyga apie XVI a. italų mediką Niccolo Buccellą (m. 1599), nuo 1576 m. ėjusį Lenkijos ir Lietuvos valdovo Stepono Batoro, vėliau – Zigmanto Vazos pagrindinio gydytojo pareigas. Monografijoje analizuojamas medicinos studijų pobūdis Europoje lyderiavusiame Padujos (Venecijos respublika) universitete, medikų vaidmuo Italijos evangelizmo sąjūdyje, Venecijoje vykęs inkvizicinis Buccellos procesas, emigracija į Transilvaniją, gyvenimas ir veikla Lenkijoje ir Lietuvoje, po Stepono Batoro mirties plėtota medicininė Buccellos polemika su kitu valdovo gydytoju – italu Simone Simoni. Socialiniai Lenkijos ir Lietuvos medicinos istorijos procesai vertinami ankstyvųjų naujųjų laikų Europos medikalizacijos kontekste, išryškinant medicinos raidos, mokytų medikų profesinės veiklos, valdovo dvaro aplinkos, konfesinės Reformacijos amžiaus fragmentacijos ir italų heterodoksų egzilio į Vidurio Europą sankirtas.

ENThis monograph, dedicated to Padua physician Niccolö Buccella (d. 1599), who developed his professional and religious activities in exile in Poland and Lithuania, covers social paradigms of the history of medical and confessional development of the second half of the 16th century. The book aims to restore Buccellas biography focusing on the role of learned physicians in the history of Venetian evangelism, discuss the course of Buccellas inquisition process in Venice, emigration to Transylvania and life in Poland and Lithuania: his medical career in the courts of Stephen Bathory and Sigismund III Vasa, the rulers of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, professional, religious and commercial activities, role in the Early Polish-Lithuanian Socinian community. Having spent almost twenty-five years in exile, Buccella is introduced as an outstanding Polish-Lithuanian physician of the time, who reached the heights of career and commercial activity and maintained his heterodox religious identity in the Catholic estates of the rulers. Buccella was participant of Bäthory's campaigns against Moscow, he settled his relatives in Poland and Lithuania, became an integral part of society, and acted not only as a physician, but also as a leader of the Early Socinian community in Poland and Lithuania. Buccella remained in contact with his patron, a prominent medical figure in the European heterodox network of the second half of the 16th century, physician Giorgio Biandrata (d. 1588), who lived in Transylvania from 1563. Both of them played a special role in the history of Italian dissident movement, ensuring the development of the Venetian tradition of Anabaptism and Antitrinitarianism in Poland and Lithuania.They shaped the establishment models of the Italian exile in Central and Eastern Europe, gathered a new social type of communities of religious minorities, which were consolidated by ethnic and confessional identity, commercial and kinship ties. A contemporary, the Italian Jesuit Antonio Possevino 1533-1611), who worked in the estate of Stephen Bäthory, rightly noticed the connection between the activities of physicians and the expansion of heresies in this region of Europe. Buccella distinguished himself in the history of the development of medicine in the region. After the death of Stephen Bäthory at the end of 1586, Buccella performed his dissection which was the first documented king's autopsy in the medical history of Lithuania and Poland. With his rival Simone Šimoni, a former evangelical who converted to Catholicism, Buccella developed a wide-ranging medical polemic, which detailed the context of the circumstances of Stephen Bäthory's illness and death, and testified to the trends in the confessionalization of medicine of the 16th century. [...]. [From the publication]