Mažojoje Lietuvoje skambėję himnai

LTStraipsnio objektas – XVIII–XX a. pirmojoje pusėje Mažojoje Lietuvoje giedoti himnai. Straipsnio tikslas – apibūdinti himnuose ir medžiagoje apie jų sukūrimo aplinkybes, motyvus atsispindintį valstybės (valdovo) ir tautos bei žmogaus ir tėvynės santykį istorijos tėkmėje. Uždaviniai: 1. Surinkti Mažojoje Lietuvoje skambėjusius valstybinius, nacionalinius himnus, dainas-himnus nuo Prūsijos karalystės susikūrimo 1701 m. ir jai nuo 1871 m. esant suvienytos Vokietijos sudėtyje iki oficialaus Prūsijos panaikinimo 1945 m. 2. Aprašyti jų sukūrimo aplinkybes, motyvus. 3. Pateikti žinių apie himnų autorius. 4. Himnų tekstus išanalizuoti ir aptarti. 5. Pateikti himnų tekstus originalo (vokiečių) kalba bei išversti juos į lietuvių kalbą. Tyrimų metodai: analizė ir apibendrinimas. Raktiniai žodžiai: himnas, daina, Prūsija, Vokietija, Rytų Prūsija, lietuvininkai, Klaipėdos kraštas. [Iš leidinio]

ENMaterial collected about the hymns of Prussia, Germany and its part East Prussia with Lithuania Minor has been presented in the article. The period described covers the time from the establishment of the Kingdom of Prussia in 1701 to the official abolition of Prussia in 1945. At the beginning of the establishment of the Kingdom of Prussia (in 1701), there were no secular national anthems. The first Prussian national anthem Heil dir im Siegerkranz (Hail to You in the Victor’s Wreath) was confirmed at the end of 1793. Later, the hymns Borussia and Preußenlied (Prussian Song)” were played. The hymns of the analysed period glorified the rulers of Prussia, the nation and the Homeland; they reflected not only the existence of the rulers or the nation but also their historical task. After the formation of the German Imperial Reich in 1871, the first anthem of the Kingdom of Prussia Heil dir im Siegerkranz with amendments was confirmed the German Hymn. In the democratic Weimar Germany (Weimar), which was formed in 1918 and included the land of Prussia and its constituent Lithuania Minor, the national anthem of 1922 was Das Lied der Deutschen (The Song of the Germans) banned in 1945. During the Nazi rule in 1933–1945, next to this anthem, the Nazi Song Horst-Wessel-Lied was performed on official occasions. In 1923–1939, when the Klaipėda region of Lithuania Minor was part of the Republic of Lithuania, these works were not performed because of being anthems of a foreign state. The first national anthem of East Prussia Mein Heimatland’(My Homeland) appeared after 1894. In 1930, it was replaced by another East Prussian anthem Land der dunklen Wälder (The Land of Dark Forests), which sounded until the East Prussian people were deported to Germany at the end of 1944.In the most Lithuanian part of East Prussia, Lithuania Minor, before the World War I, a patriotic song Lietuvninkai mes esam gimę (We are born Lietuvininkai/Lithuanians) was created in Lithuanian based on the poem by Jurgis Sauerveinas; it became their unofficial anthem. At the end of 1944, when no Lietuvininkai remained in this area, the sounds of their anthem also fell silent. At the same time, the Lietuvininkų giesmė (Song of Lietuvininkai/Prussian Lithuanians) became extremely popular, raising the aspiration for Lithuanianness as the most honorable goal of Prussian Lithuanians. In the interwar period in Klaipėda Region, the song Kur dūžta marių bangos (Where the Waves of the Lagoon Break) had the status of an unofficial anthem among the population. After Germany lost in the World War II, the Prussian state was liquidated and deleted from the political map, East Prussian area was divided by Poland and the USSR, and the Klaipėda Region was returned to Lithuania. The anthems played in the region of Lithuania Minor fell silent. [Extract, p. 2734]