ENThe city of Bykhov is one of the less historically studied cities of the Mogilev Dnieper region, despite the fact that the city played an important role in the military and political life of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Commonwealth in the XIV–XVIII centuries. At the same time, the history of the emergence of this locality and its evolution are still almost unknown. Based on the analysis of written, cartographic and archaeological sources, it was possible to establish several stages of its evolution, as well as changes in the role in the region as a settlement. Keywords: Bykhov, the emergence of the city, the evolution of the city, military affairs, the military center, the “dvor”, the fortified city, latifundia. [From the publication]