Lietuvių kalbos instituto istorija. D. 2, Kalbotyros aneksija

LTLietuvių kalbos instituto mokslinės veiklos raida ilgus metus buvo priklausoma nuo Lietuvos mokslų akademijos, todėl organizaciniu atžvilgiu turėjo nemažai bendrumo su analogiškomis institucijomis. Nepaisant šios priklausomybės, mokslinė bei organizacinė Instituto veikla išlaikė ir savitų bruožų. Pirma, pats tiriamasis objektas, nulemtas dar nepriklausomos valstybės laikais gerokai išaugusio poreikio įgyvendinti valstybinės kalbos statusą visose Lietuvos gyvenimo srityse ir visais lygmenimis. Todėl, nors Lietuvoje mokslo institucionalizacijos pradžia siejama su Mokslų akademijos įkūrimu 1941-aisiais, lietuvių kalbotyroje šis procesas prasidėjo keleriais metais anksčiau. Tarpukariu jam pagrindus dėjo aukštos kvalifikacijos specialistai, kurių daugelis stažavo ar aukštuosius mokslus baigė ir daktaro laipsnius buvo įgiję užsienio – Vokietijos, Austrijos, Šveicarijos ir kitų šalių – universitetuose. Antra, pabrėžtinas beveik nenutrūkstamas mokslinės Instituto veiklos tęstinumas. Nepaisant politinių bei ideologinių lūžių, veikusių Institutą ne tik iš išorės, bet ir iš vidaus, visais laikais stengtasi išlaikyti vidinę Instituto struktūrą, paremtą ne tiek nurodymais „iš aukščiau“, kiek nulemtą paties tiriamojo objekto savitumo, tyrėjų nusakyto dar tarpukario sąvokomis ir terminais (iš ten atėjusi ir bendrinės lietuvių kalbos samprata). Tiesa, skyrėsi tyrimo tikslai ir uždaviniai – jie nei ideologiškai, nei metodologiškai ir negalėjo sutapti... Tačiau kelių kartų˜ lietuvių kalbininkus – tuos, kurie mokslinę karjerą vos pradėję ar ją jau bebaigiantys, – su tarpukario lituanistais galėtų sieti ne tik tiriamasis objektas, bet ir kūrėjo, tuomet tapatinto su inteligentu, samprata. [...]. [Iš Pratarmės]

ENThis book is the second part of the History of the Institute of the Lithuanian Language. The first volume focused on the institutionalization of the Lithuanian language and linguistics during the interwar years in independent Lithuania. During this period the researchers of the Lithuanian Language Department at Antanas Smetona Institute of the Lithuanian Studies (ASILS) developed a cohesive language management system. Linguistic data was consistently collected and administered by the Department, contributing to the development of individual disciplines, such as lexicography and lexicology, terminography and terminology, toponymy and anthroponymy, dialectography and dialectology. The second volume covers a relatively short chapter in the history of the Institute of the Lithuanian Language (ILL). However, the period between 1940 and 1952 had a huge impact on the Institute, its researchers and, more importantly, on the progress of Lithuanian linguistics as a whole. This was a historically, politically and ideologically challenging time for the Institute. During the twelve-year period the ILL experienced several major upheavals: the first Soviet occupation (historians also call it the Short Bolshevik Period); the German occupation during World War II; and the early post-war years, i.e., the beginning of the Long Bolshevik Period which brought some of the biggest, perhaps even most crucial changes. The second volume of the History concludes in 1952 when the ILL was incorporated into what was then the Lithuanian Literature Institute, becoming part of the Lithuanian Language, Literature and Folklore Institute. As with Volume I, the object of the current study is the scientific and applied research conducted by the ILL during a specific period.The aim of this research has also been formulated accordingly: based on critical analysis of primary data (protocols, plans, public speeches, etc.) and secondary sources (recollections by linguists, publications, etc.), to systematically (re)construct and describe from a phenomenological perspective the scientific and organisational activities of the Institute during 1940-1952 while using the infographic-analytical and historiographic methods. The phenomenological approach to the researched subject is employed by the author in order to present a holistic view of Lithuanian dialectology at the time. The annexation mechanism itself is explained and its main features identified – ideologization and nomenclature of the ILL and its staff activities as well as ideologization and simplification of scientific content by withholding information or distorting it. In addition, during this period a very specific Soviet linguistic expression permeated the written discourse and, alas, most humanitarian disciplines. The Institute experienced its biggest transformation during the post-war years, known as the Long Bolshevik Occupation. On the organisational level, the change took on various forms of ideologization and nomenclature. During this period ideologization meant the process of implementing one ideology and imposing the Marxist-Leninist ideas at all levels (personal, institutional, etc.). The content of this study corresponds to the historical events of the discussed period, so the book’s chapters and subsections are provided in chronological order. The study consists of three main chapters, the Abstract, the Introduction and the Summary. The book’s first chapter Transformation During the Pre-War Bolshevik Period provides a short overview of the ASILS’ Lithuanian Department during its re-organization period between June 1940 and 6 January 1941.Based on archived documents, the establishment of the Institute of the Lithuanian Language and its governing body the Lithuanian SSR Academy of Sciences is discussed, focusing on the Institute’s structure, staff and the scientific (applied) research conducted at the time. As with the first book in this series, Appendix 1 Biograms of Volume II includes the biographies of the Institute’s researchers (for convenience, some of the biographies already published in Volume I are included again). Any newly discovered or previously not published documents relating to these personalities are provided in Appendix 2 Documentary Illustrations to Biograms. During the Short Bolshevik Period the ILL was made directly accountable to the Lithuanian SSR Academy of Sciences, a state institution responsible for the management and administration of science in Lithuania. But, despite the adjustment of its organisational and scientific (applied) linguistic activities to the new reality, the Institute’s greatest contribution to Lithuania’s history and culture during this period was preserving the linguistic heritage (or most of it) it had been entrusted with. It is true that the scope of the Institute’s linguistic research shrank during the discussed period. It started with organisational changes: dismantling the Language History Department, merging the Dialect subdivision with Onomastics, halting the progress of Lithuanian dialectography and dialectology. Attempts were made to preserve the divisions responsible for Lithuanian terminography and terminology by establishing the Practical (Practicing) Language and Terminology section. It was tasked with publishing the periodical journal Gimtoji Kalba (Native Language) and made to handle many difficult, unresolved issues of Lithuanian spelling. [...]. [From the publication]