Popierinio pagrindo fotografijų spaudos būdo identifikavimo tyrimas

LTLietuvos atminties institucijose saugomos didelės fotografinių atspaudų kolekcijos, tačiau jos yra menkai ištirtos technologiniu požiūriu. Ne išimtis ir Lietuvos literatūros ir meno archyvas. Siekiant nustatyti, kurių spaudos būdų nuotraukos saugomos archyvo kolekcijose, buvo pradėtas šis tyrimas. Pagrindinis tyrimo tikslas – identifikuoti atrinktų popierinio pagrindo nuotraukų spaudos būdą. Pagal iškeltą tikslą buvo suformuluoti uždaviniai, atrinktos ir įvairiais tyrimo metodais ištirtos skirtingos popierinio pagrindo fotografijos. Turint galvoje spėjamus procesus buvo surinkta ir susisteminta techninė ir istorinė jų informacija tam, kad būtų galima nustatyti įgyvendinant procesus naudotas medžiagas. Iki galo ištyrus atrinktas fotografijas, padarius XRF ir FTIR tyrimus nustatyti jų spaudos būdai, duomenys susisteminti ir aprašyti. Atskiru leidiniu išleistos spaudos būdo identifikavimo rekomendacijos. Ištyrus sąlygiškai nedidelį skaičių atspaudų, nustatyta tokių procesų, kurie iki šio tyrimo lietuvių kalba nebuvo aprašyti, nėra įtraukti į LIMIS klasifikatorių ar kitas duomenų bazes. Aiškėja, kad tokio pobūdžio tyrimų trūksta, dėl to sunku daryti platesnes išvadas apie fotografinių procesų raidą Lietuvoje. Matoma būtinybė tyrimus tęsti ateityje. Reikšminiai žodžiai: albuminas, druskinis atspaudas, kolodijus ant popieriaus, protalbinas, sidabro želatininis atspaudas, spaudos procesų identifikavimas. [Iš leidinio]

ENLarge collections of photographic prints are stored in Lithuanian memory institutions, but they have been scarcely investigated from a technological point of view. The Lithuanian Archives of Literature and Art is not an exception. In order to determine the printing methods of the photographs stored in the archive’s collections, the research was conducted. In Lithuania, the least amount of research has been carried out and the smallest amount of data is about the paper-based photographs of the 2nd half of the 19th century – the early 20th century. Of the estimated 150 different methods of photochemical images, only a few processes have been described in the literature researching Lithuanian photography. The article aims to identify the method of printing of selected paper-based photographs. Research tasks are formulated by naming the main stages of the research and specifying the main research guidelines. Paper-based photographs of the above mentioned period with the greatest visual differences in terms of surface structure, colour, paper thickness and gloss were selected for the research. The selection of photographs was followed by microscopy. During the microscopy stage, by changing the angle of illumination and the degree of magnification, the specific features of the photographs were photographed from which it is possible to identify or at least come close to the identification of the process.After analyzing the microscopy material, the following processes were identified, which can be confirmed or rejected by the following stage of the chemical composition and surface-binding material investigation using XRF and FTIR methods: salt print, albumin print, platinotype, callitype, collotype, collodion on paper, matte collodion on paper, pigment print, rotogravure, gelatin process, and colour drawings or photographs. The article describes the chemical structure of the mentioned processes and the stages of obtaining images. Some processes are analyzed in detail, others are described briefly. After analyzing the results of the microscopy process and reviewing the descriptions of the most common processes, the tasks for FTIR and XRF research were formulated, describing what materials to look for in the prints. According to the obtained FTIR and XRF data, comparing them with the materials used in certain processes, the hypotheses raised after visual inspection were confirmed or rejected. At the end of the article, more interesting exhibits stored in the archive are described, in the production of which different photographic processes are used. Summarizing the results of the research, conclusions are presented that confirm that more prints obtained by different printing methods are preserved in Lithuania than have been described so far. This research only confirms the lack of similar material and reveals possible directions for further research. [From the publication]