Magiškiausias kambarys, arba Dvaro vaistinėlė

LTDvaro vaistinėlė – magiškiausias kambarėlis, leidžiantis dirstelėti į nematomą dvaro pusę. Kaip tik čia, paslėptos nuo pašalinių akių, saugiai nuguldavo visos gėrybės: nuo vaistų ir tinktūrų iki dvarininkių „laboratorijose“ pagamintų gražinimosi priemonių, nuo trauktinių iki nekasdienių gardėsių. Ši nepelnytai pamiršta dvarų kultūros dalis šiandien kelia daug klausimų. Kada vaistinėlė atsirado ir kaip keitėsi? Ką naujo apie dvaro kasdienybę mums atskleidžia vaistinėlės patalpa ir čia saugoti turtai? Galiausiai, ar gali būti, kad naujas formas įgijusios vaistinėlės egzistuoja ir šiandien? Išnarpliojęs vaistinėlės detektyvą supratau, jog mano Jurbarke gyvenusių Tėvukų (taip vadinome senelius) patalpa verandoje, vadinta „po laiptu“, buvo senosios vaistinėlės atgarsis. Joje stiklainiuose ant lentynų buvo surikiuoti namų gamybos vaistai, puodynėse laikyti taukai, kabojo kumpiai ir dešros, visuomet buvo užtaisyti slastai pelėms. Tai buvo vėsus, tamsus, sumišusių kvapų pilnas kambarėlis. Galbūt užvertus šią knygelę ir jūs atrasite magišką kamarėlę savo prisiminimuose, senelių ar prosenelių namuose. [Autoriaus anotacija]

ENThe main feature of this book is the still room of Lithuanian nobles. The still room installed in the larger houses of the nobility was a specialized storage room for medicines, vodkas and various delicacies. However, with the complex twentieth century, the historical and social turbulences in the area were ruthless to Lithuanian manors. During the First World War manor houses were heavily destroyed, although in the interwar period there was an attempt to recover, but after the Second World War, the structures were finally expropriated, destroyed and its function changed. Much of the nobility was exiled or forced to leave the country, and the rest had to adapt to a new reality hostile to the manor culture. After the war, manor culture was ignored and not explored for some time. Interest in the most significant objects began to grow only in the eighties and nineties. With the exception of a few prominent manor house ensembles, so far the focus has been mainly on exteriors, project authorship issues, and the peculiarities of building planning, interior, decor, everyday life and traditions have remained almost unexplored. From an architectural point of view, the unfamiliar still room of the old Lithuanian nobility house raised many questions, therefore it was worth researching. In 2018 an article by Marius Daraškevičius appeared, which examined the architecture and interior of the still rooms, highlighting the reasons for the emergence and popularity of this tradition, the location in the house plan and the connection with other premises, presenting the interior equipment and the role of the still room in the everyday culture of the manor.This study is based on the basis of the previous article, which aims to reveal and present the scientifically based architectural development of the Lithuanian manor pharmacy in the second half of the 18th century and early 20th century. The first discussion will be the importance of the still room in the culture of manors, examining the prevalence of the manor in different strata of nobility, determining the typical location of the room in the house. Finally, the interior itself of the still room will be discussed. The primary written and visual sources in the study are analyzed and interpreted using formal and iconographic methods of art history, and the reasons and significance of the changes in the pharmacy are revealed using the reconstructive research method. According to the research, it can be stated that manor still rooms were an important part not only of medicine, and culinary heritage, but also of the interior or its equipment, allowing the interpretation of 19th century manors as neighborhood treatment and first aid centers, as well as revealing the culture of hospitality and gastronomy of the manors. The tradition of the manor still room was characteristic of the whole nobility, regardless of wealth. During the research, still rooms were found both in aristocratic castles (Radziwiłł familly in Nyasvizh), palaces (Zabiełło in Raudondvaris, Tyszkiewicz in Trakų Vokė, Günther in Dabraulėnai, Gawroński in Šūkliai), in small wooden houses of nobility in the noble villages (Šinkauskai house in Naujokai noble village). Thus, these special premises can be found in the former homesteads of nobles of various sizes.Early still rooms were installed in the bed chamber area It is characteristic to the houses built or renovated before the mid-19th century. Such still rooms are usually planned next to the bed chamber of the woman of the house, but research has revealed an object where the still room was located near both the womams and the man's bedroom (Nyasvizh). During the 19th century the need for intimacy grew in the houses of the nobility, therefore the bedrooms were already planned on a separate floor or away from the reception rooms. This led to the second half of the century that the still rooms were installed in the service area or next to the dining room. The exception would be Nyasvizh castle, which even in the early period (early 19th century) had three pharmacies - two near the bed chambers and one at the main gate of the castle. The interior of the still rooms were as practical as possible. The doors were usually made to be locked, the lighting was provided by a window, sometimes with grilles. Floors were made of planks, brick, tile or pile clay, and the walls were usually bleached with lime. There were tables, chairs, shelves and cabinets with drawers in the room, and there could be hooks for hanging pots. The room had to be cool, therefore located on the northern side of the building, but in the late period the still rooms also had heating equipment (Lančiūnava, Naujokai). The homesteads of the nobility were important not only as centers of culture but also as hospitality, and still rooms formed a particularly important part of the ritual of congeniality. Although the location of the pharmacy in the manor house changed, its range remained similar. It was a storage room for medicines, various types of vodka and delicacies, the doors of which were opened wide when guests arrived. [From the publication]

• Menotyra / Arts
• Istorija / History