Lietuvos nacionalinio dailės muziejaus archeologinės keramikos rinkinio susiformavimas, archyvinių dokumentų apžvalga, restauravimas

LTLietuvos nacionaliniame dailės muziejuje saugoma vertinga Lietuvos XIV–XIX a. architektūrinės ir buitinės archeologinės keramikos kolekcija. Jos susiformavimo istorija nevienalytė, archeologiniai radiniai į šį rinkinį pateko keliais etapais, medžiaga buvo rinkta Vilniaus mieste vykdytų archeologinių tyrimų, taip pat įvairių statybų, rekonstrukcijų ar kitų kasinėjimų metu įvairiais laikotarpiais nuo 1920 iki 1993 m. Dalis kolekcijos radinių – senojo Vilniaus miesto muziejaus palikimas, keletas gauta iš archeologinių kasinėjimų Biržų, Panemunės pilių teritorijose, archeologinių radinių dovanota arba nupirkta iš privačių asmenų. Rinkinį papildė Paminklų restauravimo projektavimo instituto perduota archeologinių kasinėjimų medžiaga. Didžioji šių radinių dalis į muziejų pateko prastos būklės. Jau ne vienus metus, laikantis Lietuvoje susiformavusios restauravimo etikos, archeologinė keramika profesionaliai restauruojama Lietuvos nacionalinio dailės muziejaus P. Gudyno muziejinių vertybių restauravimo centre ir kaip vertingi muziejiniai eksponatai tyrinėjami ir pristatomi parodose. Reikšminiai žodžiai: muziejų archeologijos rinkiniai, kokliai, archeologinė keramika, Vilniaus miesto muziejus, archeologinių radinių restauravimas. [Iš leidinio]

ENThe collection of applied art of the Lithuanian National Museum of Art preserves the rich collection of archaeological ceramics of Lithuania of the 14th– 19th centuries. The history of its formation is heterogeneous, almost unexplored, archaeological finds were collected in several stages, the material was collected during various periods (from 1920 to 1993) during archaeological research in Vilnius, as well as during various constructions, reconstructions or other excavations. A large part of the finds in this collection are the legacy of the old Vilnius City Museum, some were obtained from archaeological excavations in Biržai, in the territories of Panemunė castles, and archaeological finds were donated or bought from private individuals. The collection was significantly supplemented with the material of archaeological excavations provided by the Monument Restoration and Design Institute. The collection mainly includes the finds of architectural ceramics of the 14th-19th centuries, these are different types of tiles and their fragments, decorated with figurative motifs, coats of arms, plant and geometric ornaments, there are tiles and floor tiles as well. A separate group consists of finds of household ceramics for various purposes: pots, plates, bowls, money- boxes, crucibles, pipes or their fragments. Most of these finds have entered the museum in poor condition: they have remained in the ground for a long time, often no longer retaining their original form, partially decayed, and they have fallen into separate pieces. For several years now, archaeological finds have been professionally restored by the ceramic restorers of Pranas Gudynas Centre for Restoration of Museum Values and presented as valuable museum exhibits in exhibitions.An important aspect of the restoration is to present the exhibit as safely and visually as possible. Separate pieces or a few larger glued fragments can be very informative to professionals, revealing the historical evolution of ceramics, the authenticity of archaeological finds, the extent of survival, and other aspects. However, ceramic exhibits glued from many fragments but lacking important structural elements are vulnerable. Reconstruction is always possible and justified when there are surviving fragments from which the shape of the exhibit can be reliably determined. The main dimensions as well as the decor elements and other features have to be known. In the beginning, important restoration processes are carried out – cleaning, preservation, gluing of pieces and only then – the restoration of non-existent parts. The missing parts are filled with gypsum according to the authentic fragment. The restoration of the exhibits of archaeological ceramic collection at Lithuanian National Museum of Art shows the restoration ethics that has developed in Lithuania – the reconstructed fragments are retouched in one or several tones lighter colour than the authentic parts. The texture and colour of a part of the restored exhibit have to be visibly close to the authentic one. An undivided image allows for a better understanding of the whole object, but there is always the possibility of recognizing the authentic part of the exhibit. When parts of the decor composition are missing and there are no analogues of the article, the decor is not reproduced, leaving only the main, background, colour. During the restoration of archaeological ceramics, the condition of the exhibits before the restoration is described in detail, all the processes performed, the materials and tools used are documented, and important stages of the restoration are constantly photographed. [From the publication]

• Menotyra / Arts
• Archeologija / Archaeology