Heraldiniai ženklai Lietuvos muziejuose saugomuose archeologijos radiniuose

LTStraipsnyje atkreipiamas dėmesys į Lietuvos muziejuose saugomus archeologinių kasinėjimų metu aptiktus radinius, puoštus herbais ir heraldiniais ženklais. Darbe pristatomi Nacionaliniame muziejuje Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės valdovų rūmuose, Lietuvos nacionaliniame dailės, Trakų istorijos, Kelmės krašto, Šiaulių ,,Aušros“ ir kituose muziejuose saugomi herbiniai kokliai, signetiniai žiedai, monetos ir kiti eksponatai. Straipsnyje akcentuojama, kad archeologinių kasinėjimų metu rasti herbais ir heraldiniais ženklais puošti radiniai yra reikšmingi heraldikos, sfragistikos, numizmatikos ir kitų mokslų tyrimuose. Reikšminiai žodžiai: heraldika, herbas, herbinis koklis, signetas, archeologiniai radiniai. [Iš leidinio]

ENHeraldry research in Europe has deep traditions, and coats of arms and heraldic insignia often come to researchers’ attention. Research on heraldry in Lithuania has started relatively recently. The late start of these studies in Lithuania was influenced by the loss of independence, political conditions and other circumstances. Now the researchers mainly focus on the times of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the Republic of the Two Nations, although the research of Lithuanian heraldry of the 20th–21st centuries is carried out, heraldic insignia of the state, cities and towns, coats of arms are analyzed in detail. Quite consistent studies of the nobility, especially the representatives of Samogitia, are carried out. Research into the heraldry of noblewomen in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania begins. Gradually, the base of sources of heraldry research is being formed – the most common and abundant sources in personal heraldry research are heraldic seals, genealogical trees of people, book graphics, objects decorated with coats of arms, tombstones, etc. are analyzed. Coats of arms, especially old ones, should not be forgotten either. The researchers who investigate the heraldry of the state, cities and towns have to examine the heraldic seals, the privileges of granting city rights, the protocols of the Lithuanian Heraldry Commission and iconography. Most sources of heraldry research are stored in the repositories of memory institutions, where they were brought or transferred by private individuals. On the other hand, it should not be forgotten that an undiscovered part of the sources of heraldry research could for a long time hide underground and rise to the surface only after archaeological excavations. This article draws attention to the sources of heraldry research found during archaeological research.The article aims to present and examine selected finds decorated with coats of arms and heraldic insignia found during archaeological research and preserved in Lithuanian museums. The study presents heraldic tiles, signet rings, coins and other exhibits kept in the National Museum – the Palace of the Grand Dukes of Lithuania, the Lithuanian National Museum of Art, Trakai History Museum, Kelmė Region Museum, Šiauliai “Aušros” museum and other museums. The article highlights that the finds decorated with coats of arms and heraldic insignia found during archaeological excavations are significant in the research of heraldry, sphragistics, numismatics and other auxiliary historical sciences. It should be emphasized that often the source found during the excavations, for example, heraldic tiles have to be assembled from separate scraps, based on similar examples. When working with coats of arms and heraldic insignia found during archaeological excavations, it is useful to compare them with heraldic seals, the information provided in coats of arms, coats of arms depicted in architecture, portraits, book graphics and iconography, and heraldic insignia. Heraldic sources found during archaeological excavations preserved in Lithuanian museums are presented in museum expositions, exhibitions, publications, articles, Lithuanian integrated museum information system, websites, and social accounts. Such archaeological finds go a long way before reaching the eyes of museum visitors. The cooperation of archaeologists, museologists and heraldry, sphragistics and numismatics specialists, the exchange of knowledge and continuous learning from each other are crucial in this area. [From the publication]